Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) studies are usually semi-qualitative and use questionnaires having provision for collecting open-ended responses. Such surveys are conducted at different stages of project implementation and help the concerned authorities identify the gaps and bottlenecks in achieving the stated objectives for corrective actions. KAP surveys also reveal misconceptions or misunderstandings that may represent obstacles that become potential barriers to behaviour change. Collecting ‘opinions’ on related issues is an integral part of any KAP survey, a careful design which helps in finding gaps between what is said and what is done. PCSL has conducted several KAP studies for projects in the WASH, PHC and development sectors.